Saudi Arabia pension system shows positive signs in 2020 Global Pension Index
The Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index compares 39 retirement systems
Mercer released the results of its 2020 Mercer CFA Institute Global Pension Index survey (MCGPI) that benchmarks retirement income systems around the World. According to the survey, Saudi Arabia had an overall index value of 57.5 among the countries analysed, scoring slightly higher than the previous year.
The slight increase in value from 57.1 to 57.5 is mainly attributed to a recent amendment in the retirement age for women, increasing from age 55 to age 60, which is now equivalent to men. This measure implemented by the General Organization for Social Insurance (GoSI) has increased the sustainability score of the overall pension system in the Kingdom
Tarek Zouiten, Mercer's Retirement Business Leader for the Middle East, said: “We are pleased to see Saudi Arabia maintaining consistent results for a third consecutive year. Saudi Arabia’s system has a variety of good features and there are strong indications that the government is taking practical measures to ensure a sustainable system for the future generations. However, with the fast demographic shifts in the Kingdom where elderly population are expected to rise considerably in the next decade and combined with a decline in birth rates, it is extremely important to recognize the imperative of implementing the necessary policy changes to respond to the challenges raised by this ageing population.”
The index highlights key strengths of retirement pension systems around three sub-indexes - adequacy, integrity and sustainability, where Saudi Arabia scored 59.6, 51.6 and 62.4, respectively. The Kingdom demonstrated positive results in adequacy due to the country’s generous retirement benefits with high minimum pensions relative to earnings and a tax-free income.
Positive scores around sustainability were also noted due to a sound structure with a funded pension system and a compulsory participation from employees and employers with mandatory contributions set aside for retirement benefits. However, the overall reduction in the sustainability sub-index was primarily caused by a decline in the level of real economic growth in 2020 around the world caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The report also acknowledges Saudi’s efforts in integrity with regards to the regulated pension systems which are continuously being monitored by the government and audited by external auditors, in addition to the established sound governance.
The report also underlines areas of improvement for the pension system surveyed. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the report suggests expanding the retirement savings culture in the country by increasing the level of voluntary savings into a pension fund, which, due to the lack of taxation incentives, can be challenging to implement. To ensure sustainability, allow the ageing population to gradually phase into retirement by reducing their reliance on earned income whilst at the same time enabling them to access part of their accrued retirement benefit through an income stream. Finally, the integrity index could be further elevated by enhancing the required level of communication with pensioners and building awareness among employees on the need to save toward retirement.
This year’s index edition added two retirement systems, to compare a total of 39 retirement systems across the globe and covering almost two-thirds of the world’s population.
In the wake of the financial pressures brought on by the pandemic, supporting financial security in retirement and providing guidance to modernise the pension landscape becomes an even greater challenge,” said William Tohme, CFA, Senior Regional Head – MENA at CFA Institute.
Tohme added: “In the GCC, governments need to continue educating the young nationals and providing them with the right tools to secure and protect their future. We look forward to working with business leaders and policymakers to strengthen the pension system in the GCC region.”
COVID-19’s impact to the future of pension systems
The impact of COVID-19 is much broader than solely the health implications; there are long term economic effects impacting industries, interest rates, investment returns and community confidence in the future. As a result, the provision of adequate and sustainable retirement incomes over the longer term has also changed.
The level of government debt has increased in many countries following COVID-19. This increased debt is likely to restrict the ability of future governments to support their older populations, either through pensions or through the provision of other services such as health or aged care.
To help alleviate the impact of COVID-19, governments deployed a diverse range of responses to support their citizens and pension systems.
It should be recognised that these 2020 index values do not yet fully recognise the longer term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on future pension payments, although reduced economic growth has already led to lower scores in the sustainability sub-index.
By the numbers
The Netherlands had the highest index value (82.6) and has consistently held first or second position for 10 out of the past 12 MCGPI reports. Thailand had the lowest index value (40.8).
For each sub-index, the highest scores were Netherlands for adequacy (81.5) and sustainability (79.3) and Finland for integrity (93.5). The lowest scores were Mexico for adequacy (36.5), Austria for sustainability (22.1) and Philippines for integrity (34.8).
