Christie’s To Offer An Unrecorded Qur’an Palimpsest Copied On An Earlier Coptic Bible

Christie’s is pleased to offer the only recorded palimpsest of a Qur’an copied onto a Christian text, which will be offered as part of the Art of the Islamic and Indian Worlds Including Oriental Rugs and Carpets auction on 26 April. This is Lot 1 of the sale, which features nine folios coming from a previously unrecorded Qur’an manuscript dating to the earliest period of Islam. With the help of French scholar Dr. Eléonore Cellard, a remarkable discovery was made, as the folios are in fact a palimpsest, which is a manuscript from which the first writing has been effaced so that the vellum could be reused. Beneath the Arabic script an original Coptic text may clearly be seen.

The leaves from these folios derive from an earlier Coptic manuscript containing passages from the Book of Deuteronomy, which is part of the Torah and the Christian Old Testament. It was very probably produced in Egypt, home to the Coptic community, at the time of the Arab conquest. This appears to be the only recorded example of a Qur’an written above a Christian text. These folios resonate with the historical reality of religious communities in the Near East and as such are an invaluable survival from the earliest centuries of Islam.

Dr. Eléonore Cellard, Postdoctoral fellowship at Collège de France, Paris
“This is a very important discovery for the history of the Qur’an and early Islam. We have here a witness of cultural interactions between different religious communities.”

Eleonore Cellard is attached to the College de France, a leading academic institution based in Paris. She works under the supervision of Prof Déroche, the leading expert in the field of early Islamic scripts and early Islamic codicology.

Qur’anic palimpsests are extremely rare and only a handful are known:
Two leaves from a 7th century Hijazi Qur’an, sold at Christie’s, London, 8 April 2008, lot 20 (sold
£2,484,500) and 01 May 2001, lot 12 (sold for £163,250). The Qur’anic text is copied above an earlier version of the Qur’an.

The late 7th /early 8th century Mingana-Lewis Palimpsest (MS Or.1287) at the Cambridge University Library. The Hijazi script has been erased and the leaves were used for a 9th /10th century codex of Christian Arabic homilies produced in The palimpsest was acquired by Agnes Smith Lewis in Suez in 1895.
A leaf from a 7th century Hijazi Qur’an in San’a (Masahif San’a, exhibition catalogue, Kuwait, 1983,
cat.4, p.59). The surviving Qur’anic text is copied above an earlier version of the Qur’an.

The present folios, dating from the 8th century.